Italian name : Colosseo 義大利文：羅馬競技場
圖片來源: https://www.google.com.tw/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s...
The Roman Colosseum or Coliseum, originally known as the Flavian Amphitheatre, was commisioned in AD 72 by Emperor Vespasian. It was completed by his son, Titus, in 80, with later improvements by Domitian.
羅馬競技場(Roman Colosseum)，原名弗萊文圓形劇場(Flavian Amphitheatre)，於西元72年，維斯帕先(Titus Flavius Vespasianus)皇帝下令建造。西元80年，其子提圖斯(Titus Flavius Vespasianus)在位期間完成，繼任皇帝圖密善(Titus Flavius Domitianus)接續修建。
The Colosseum is located just east of the Roman Forum and was built to a practical design, with its 80 arched entrances allowing easy access to 55,000 spectators, who were seated according to rank. The Coliseum is huge, an ellipse 188m long and 156 wide. Originally 240 masts were attached to stone corbels on the 4th level.
羅馬競技場位於古羅馬廣場(Roman Forum)的東方，設計注重實用性，擁有80個拱形入口，便於55,000位觀眾入場，並依階級入座。巨大的橢圓形競技場，長188公尺、寬156公尺，在第四層，獨創240支柱子與石托相連結。
圖片來源:https://www.google.com.tw/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s...
Just outside the Coliseum is the Arch of Constantine (Arco di Costantino), a 25m high monument built in AD315 to mark the victory of Constantine over Maxentius at Pons Milvius.
羅馬競技場外，建於西元315年，高25公尺的君士坦丁凱旋門(Arco di Costantino)，用以紀念君士坦丁在米爾維安大橋(Pons Milvius)戰役中，大敗馬克森提烏斯(Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maxentius)。
Vespesian ordered the Colosseum to be build on the site of Nero's palace, the Domus Aurea, to dissociate himself from the hated tyrant.
維斯帕先下令將羅馬競技場建造在尼祿(Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus/ Nero Claudius Caesar Drusus Germanicus)的「金宮(Domus Aurea)」原址上，與前一位暴君—尼祿—劃清界線。
His aim was to gain popularity by staging deadly combats of gladiators and wild animal fights for public viewing. Massacre was on a huge scale: at inaugural games in AD 80, over 9,000 wild animals were killed.
維斯帕先命角鬥士與野獸進行生死格鬥以獲取聲望。在開幕戰中殺害超過9000頭猛獸，是一場大規模屠殺。
Roman gladiators
were usually slaves, prisoners of war or condemned criminals. Most were men, but there were a few female gladiators. These combats were attended by the poor, the rich, and frequently the emperor himself. As gladiators fought, vicious cries and curses were heard from the audience around the Roman Colosseum. One contest after another was staged in the course of a single day. Should the ground become too soaked with blood, it was covered over with a fresh layer of sand and the performance went on. The gladiatorial games continued until Christianity progressively put an end to those parts of them which included the death of humans.
羅馬角鬥士
大多是奴隸、戰俘或罪犯。大部分為男性，但也有少數的女角鬥士。不論貧富，甚至連皇帝也常來觀戰。當角鬥士開打時，叫囂和咒罵從羅馬競技場四面八方傳來。競賽每天在廣場上不斷上演。若地面浸染鮮血，他們便覆蓋上新的沙土，好讓比賽繼續進行。這種致命的競賽直到基督教逐漸禁止後才終止。
原文網站網址:http://www.rome.info/colosseum/
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